![]() Nevertheless, distress resulting from both negative dreams and nightmares are important for clinical research. The authors suggest that because the items correlated with both negative and nightmare recall, the questionnaire items are not specific to nightmares, but more generally seem to result from the experience of negative dreams, including those which do not trigger an awakening. This scale includes items such as (Do you have difficulties coping with your nightmares? Do you feel you have a problem with nightmares? Do nightmares affect your well-being?). In general, all of the items on the general distress subscale correlated with both negative dream and nightmare recall (one correlation did not reach significance). The authors then looked at whether the items of the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire corresponded with nightmare recall during the study. Consistent with prior research, 5% of the sample experienced nightmares at least once a week. ![]() The authors found that on average participants reported about 10 dreams over the course of the study. Finally, all of the participants answered the Nightmare Distress Questionnaire just once retrospectively. In both the morning and the evening, participants also rated their well-being on a continuous scale of 1-100. All of these factors conceptually constitute correlates of nightmare distress. Other impacts during sleep include general sleep disruption, frequent awakenings, and fear of going to sleep. ![]() keep thinking about the nightmare across the day) or physiological effects such as elevated heart-rate, sweating, quick breath rate, etc. Distress might manifest in different measurable ways, such as the intensity of the emotional response to nightmares, interference in life functions or quality of life, the persistence of thoughts or cognitive rumination about nightmares (e.g. Much of the clinical research on nightmares has focused on the consequences of nightmares, most notably waking distress that results from nightmares. Frequent nightmares, occurring more than once per week, occur in 2-6% of the population. A paper in Frontiers in Neuroscience published in December 2018 explores “The Case of Nightmare Distress.” Nightmares are typically defined as intensely negative dreams that awaken the dreamer. ![]()
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